ஞான சத்விசாரம் (jñāna satvicāram – gnostic inquiry)
இராமலிங்க வள்ளலார் (irāmaliṅga vaḻḻalār) gave very high importance for ஞானமார்கம் / ज्ञानमार्ग (jñānamārgam / jñānamārga – gnosis-path) and
emphasized the need for சத்விசாரம் / सत्विचारम् (satvicāram – truth inquiry). Similar to
the classification in वेदान्त / வேதாந்தம் (vedāntam – final wisdom), this saint also recognizes two
levels in ஞானம் / ज्ञान (jñāna / jñāna – gnosis) viz. the अपरज्ञान (aparajñāna – mundane-knowledge) & परज्ञान (para jñāna – transcendent
knowledge/spiritual wisdom) but only the latter
can be truly considered as சத்விசாரம் / सत्विचारम् (satvicāram –truth inquiry). In fact, he
offers a very interesting etymological interpretation to the term சத்விசாரம் / सत्विचारम् (satvicāram – truth inquiry) as
சத் / सत् (sat = truth) + விசாரம் /विचारम् (vicāram - inquiry).
Interestingly, he splits the latter term “விசாரம் /विचारम् (vicāram - inquiry)” further as
“வி /वि (vi –without)” + “சாரம்/चारम् (cāram - prison)”.
In other words, सत्विचारम् (satvicāram –truth inquiry) refers to the process of उपपरीक्षण (upaparīkṣaṇa - inquiring into) the ब्रह्म ज्ञान सत्य (brahma jñāna satya – wisdom of spiritual truth), thereby enabling the विमुक्ति / विमोक्ष (vimukti / vimokṣa - release /liberation) of the बन्धात्मा (bandhātmā – bound soul) from its पाश चारक (pāśa cāraka – chained prison). For example, in his famous பேருபதேசம் (pErupadhesam – grand sermon), the saint testifies as to why the term சத்விசாரம் / सत्विचारम् (satvicāram – truth inquiry) only corresponds to परज्ञान (parajñāna – transcendent knowledge/spiritual wisdom).
ஷடாந்த சமரசம் (ṣaṭhānta samarasam – six-edged harmony):
இராமலிங்க வள்ளலார் (irāmaliṅga vaḻḻalār) in
the lines of many of his पूर्वागम आचार्याः (pūrvāgama ācāryāḥ – predecessor preceptors) like திருமூலர் (tirumūlar) & தாயுமானவர் (tāyumānavar) also
emphasized that such சத்விசாரம் / सत्विचारम् (satvicāram –truth inquiry) should
be an holistic inquiry synthesizing not only between वेदान्त (vedānta – final wisdom) & सिद्धान्त (siddhānta – final accomplishment) but
extended it to a much broader scope of षडान्त समरस (ṣaḍānta samarasa – six-edged
harmony) viz.
- वेदान्त / வேதாந்தம் (vedānta / vedāntam – final wisdom),
- सिद्धान्त / சித்தாந்தம் (siddhānta / siddhāntam – final accomplishment),
- भोगान्त / போகாந்தம் (bhogānta / bōgaantam –
final experience),
- नादान्त / நாதாந்தம் (nādānta / naadhaantham – final logos),
- योगान्त /யோகாந்தம் (yogānta / yōgaantham – final union) &
- कलान्त / கலாந்தம் (kalāntam / kalāntam – final expression
/ manifestation).
For example, in the following verse from the மகாதேவ மாலை (makātēva mālai – garland to supreme divinity) the noble saint sings thus:
Again, இராமலிங்க வள்ளலார் (irāmaliṅga vaḻḻalār) in the அருட்பெருஞ்சோதி அகவல் (aruṭperuñjōti agaval) further explains thus:
Again, இராமலிங்க வள்ளலார் (irāmaliṅga vaḻḻalār) in the நடராஜபதி மாலை (naṭarājapati mālai) further explains thus:
In the following verse from his தனித் திருஅலங்கல் (tiru aruṭpā: taṉit tirualaṅkal) also the noble
saint sings thus:
Finally, I would like to quote the following verse from
the அருள்விளக்க மாலை (aruḷviḷakka mālai – garland of grace explanation)
Demystifying some misconceptions
On the one extreme, amongst advocates of वेदान्तदर्शन (vedānta darśana –
vedantic philosophy), some of
us, wrongly misunderstand that இராமலிங்க வள்ளலார் (irāmaliṅga vaḻḻalār) was against the authority of वैदीकशास्त्र (vaidīka śāstra – Vedic scripture) viz. वेदमन्त्र (vedamantra), उपनिषद् (upaniṣad) etc.
प्रतिबोधन सिद्धान्तिनस्य (pratibodhana siddhāntinasya – clarification
of accomplished):
However, this is a blatant myth targeted
against the noble saint by a prejudiced few and is not backed by facts.
Firstly, at many places in his works, the saint has explicitly recognized the
sanctity of the वैदीकशास्त्र (vaidīkaśāstra –
Vedic scripture). For
example, here are some random அகச் சான்றுகள் (akac cāṉṟukaḷ -
internal evidences) from his
own works, wherein the saint explicitly recognizes the Vedic glory.
And
For example, the following doctrines of शुद्धाद्वैतशैवसिद्धान्तदर्शन (śuddhādvaitaśaivasiddhāntadarśana – pure nondualistic final auspicious accomplishment philosophy) are integral to the metaphysics of இராமலிங்க வள்ளலார் (irāmaliṅga vaḻḻalār) as well.
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Doctrine |
Details |
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முப்பொருள் உண்மை / त्रिपदार्थ सत्य (mupporuḷ uṇmai / tripadārtha satya) |
பதி / पति (pati / pati - god), பசு / पशु (pasu / paśu – bound soul) & பாசம் / पाश (pāsam / pāśa - fetters) |
2 |
மும்மல பாசமந்தம் / त्रिमलपाशबन्द (mum'mala pācamandam / trimalapāśabanda
– triplefetter bondage) |
ஆணவம் / आणव (āṇavam / āṇava - finitude), கன்மம் / कर्म (kaṉmam / karma - fate) & மாயை / माया (māyai / māyā - delusion)
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3 |
षण्णवतिः माया तत्त्वानि / தொண்ணூற்றாறு மாயா
தத்துவங்கள் / (toṇṇūṟṟāṟu
māyā tattuvaṅkaḷ / ṣaṇṇavatiḥ māyā tattvāni – ninety-six paradox evolutes) |
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4 |
त्रिविध काराण अवस्थाः आत्मस्य (trividha kārāṇa avasthāḥ
ātmasya – trifold causal states of soul) |
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5 |
पञ्चविध कार्यवस्थाः आत्मस्य (pañcavidha kāryavasthāḥ
ātmasya – fivefold effectual states of soul) |
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6 |
त्रिविध बद्धात्मनः (trividha baddhātmanaḥ -
trifold bound souls) |
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7 |
चतुर्विध साधनमार्गाः मोक्षस्य (caturvidha sādhanamārgāḥ
mokṣasya – fourfold practice-paths of liberation) |
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8 |
இறைவனின் ஐம்பெருந்தொழில்கள் / पञ्चमहाकृत्यानि (iṟaivaṉiṉ aimperuntoḻilgaḷ
/ pañcamahākṛtyāni īśvarasya – five-fold cosmic acts of god) |
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9 |
சிவனின் எண்குணங்கள் / अष्टगुणाः शिवस्य (civaṉiṉ eṇkuṇaṅkaḷ / aṣṭaguṇāḥ śivasya - eight qualities of shiva)
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தன்வயத்தன்
ஆதல் (taṉvayattaṉ
ātal – independence) தூய
உடம்பினன் ஆதல் (tūya uṭampiṉaṉ
ātal – pure body) இயற்கை
உணர்வினன் ஆதல் (iyaṟkai uṇarviṉaṉ
ātal – natural intelligence) முற்றும்
உணர்தல் (muṟṟum uṇartal
- omniscience) இயல்பாகவே
பாசங்களின் நீங்குதல் (iyalpākavē pācaṅkaḷiṉ nīṅkutal – natural independence
from fetters) பேரருள்
உடைமை (pēraruḷ uṭaimai – supreme grace) முடிவு
இல் ஆற்றல் உடைமை (muṭivu il āṟṟal uṭaimai -
omnipotence) வரம்பு இல் இன்பம் உடைமை (varampu il iṉpam uṭaimai – omni bliss) |
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நவந்தருபேதம் (navantarupētam) |
சிவன் /शिव (sivan / śiva) சக்தி / शक्ति (sakti / śakti) நாதம் / नाद (nādam / nāda) பிந்து / बिन्दु (bindu / bindu) சதாசிவன் / सदाशिव (sadāsivan / sadāśiva) மகேசுவரன்
/ महेश्वर (makēsuvaraṉ / maheśvara) ருத்திரன் / रुद्र (ruddiran / rudra) மால் / விஷ்ணு / विष्णु (māl / viṣṇu / viṣṇu) அயன் / பிரம்மன் /ब्रह्म (ayan / biraman / brahma)
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Let us now take a quick look at few random அகச்சான்றுகள் (agaccānṛugaḻ – internal testimonies) from his works wherein these concepts are either directly or indirectly referenced. First let’s look at முப்பொருள் உண்மை / त्रिपदार्थ सत्य (mupporuḷ uṇmai / tripadārtha satya). In the following verse
Let us next look at மும்மல பாசமந்தம் / त्रिमलपाशबन्द (mum'mala pācamandam / trimalapāśabanda –
triple-fetter bondage). For example, in his உபதேசக் குறிப்புகள் (upatēcak kuṟippukaḷ
- sermon notes) explains
thus:
Next look षट् त्रिंशत् माया तत्वानि (ṣaṭ triṃśat māyā tatvāni - thirty-six paradox evolutes) the following references are made by the noble-saint. We shall separately analyze his ontological in a short while. For now just want to cite the following references
And
अस्तिकायविद्या आन्वीक्षिकी (astikāyavidyā ānvīkṣikī – ontological metaphysics)
Although, it is true that unlike
in the case of many eminent आचार्याः वेदान्त च सिद्धान्त संप्रदायानाम् (ācāryāḥ vedānta ca siddhānta saṃpradāyānām – preceptors of final wisdom
and final accomplishment traditions) who
had mastered the तर्कशस्त्र (tarkaśastra- science of deliberations) & हेतुविद्या (hetuvidyā - art of dialectics), இராமலிங்க வள்ளலார் (irāmaliṅga vaḻḻalār) did
not focus much on these. However, the saint, in his prose
works, gives a very comprehensive account of various ontological entities viz. तत्त्वानि (tattvāni- evolutes), उपतत्त्वानि (upatattvāni – sub-evolutes), लोकाः (lokāḥ - worlds) & भुवनाः (bhuvanāḥ - realms) etc. For example, இராமலிங்க வள்ளலார் (irāmaliṅga vaḻḻalār) refers to the
standard ontological model of षट् त्रिंशत् माया तत्वानि (ṣaṭ triṃśat māyā tatvāni - thirty-six paradox evolutes) common to शैवागम दर्शनाः (śaivāgama darśanāḥ - Shaiva agama philosophies)
- शुद्धाद्वैतशैवसिद्धान्तदर्शन (śuddhādvaitaśaivasiddhāntadarśana – purenondualistic final accomplishment auspicious philosophy) more popularly known as தமிழ் சைவ தரிசனம் (tamilz saiva darisanam – tamil saiva philosophy)
- पराद्वैत त्रिकशैव दर्शन (parādvaita trikaśaiva darśana – transcendent nonduality of auspicious triad philosophy) more popularly known as कश्मीरशैव दर्शन (kaśmīraśaiva darśana - Kashmir Saiva philosophy)
- शिवाद्वैत दर्शन (śivādvaita darśana – auspicious nondual philosophy) more popularly known as वीरशैव (vīraśaiva)
- विशेषाद्वैत /शक्तिविशिष्टाद्वैत दर्शन (viśeṣādvaita darśana – special nondualistic/ shakti qualified nondualstic philosophy) formally founded by आचार्य श्रीपति (ācārya śrīpati)
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